Pengaruh Transaksi Keuangan Digital dan Kualitas Tata Kelola Pemerintahan terhadap Tingkat Korupsi: Bukti Empiris dari Negara Berkembang
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Abstract
Korupsi masih menjadi salah satu tantangan utama dalam mewujudkan tata kelola pemerintahan yang efektif dan akuntabel, khususnya di negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh transaksi keuangan digital, stabilitas politik, transparansi pemerintah, dan efektivitas pemerintah terhadap tingkat korupsi pada 31 negara berkembang selama 2019–2023 dengan 155 observasi. Data sekunder diperoleh dari IMF, World Bank, World Justice Project, dan Transparency International, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model signifikan secara statistik dan mampu menjelaskan 69,7% variasi tingkat korupsi. Secara parsial, hanya efektivitas pemerintah yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Corruption Perceptions Index, yang menunjukkan bahwa pemerintahan yang lebih efektif berkontribusi terhadap penurunan korupsi. Sementara itu, transaksi keuangan digital, stabilitas politik, dan transparansi pemerintah tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa efektivitas pemerintah merupakan faktor kelembagaan yang paling penting dalam memperkuat upaya pemberantasan korupsi.
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