Pengaruh Transaksi Keuangan Digital dan Kualitas Tata Kelola Pemerintahan terhadap Tingkat Korupsi: Bukti Empiris Dari Negara Berkembang
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Abstrak
Korupsi masih menjadi salah satu tantangan utama dalam mewujudkan tata kelola pemerintahan yang efektif dan akuntabel, khususnya di negara-negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh transaksi keuangan digital, stabilitas politik, transparansi pemerintah, dan government effectiveness terhadap tingkat korupsi di negara-negara berkembang. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksplanatori dengan data panel seimbang yang mencakup 31 negara berkembang selama periode 2019–2023, sehingga diperoleh 155 observasi. Data sekunder diperoleh dari Financial Access Survey International Monetary Fund, Worldwide Governance Indicators World Bank, World Justice Project, dan Transparency International. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model yang dibangun signifikan secara statistik dan mampu menjelaskan 69,7% variasi tingkat korupsi. Namun, secara parsial hanya government effectiveness yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Corruption Perceptions Index, yang mengindikasikan bahwa semakin efektif penyelenggaraan pemerintahan maka semakin rendah tingkat korupsi. Sebaliknya, transaksi keuangan digital, stabilitas politik, dan transparansi pemerintah tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat korupsi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan pengendalian korupsi di negara-negara berkembang lebih ditentukan oleh efektivitas pemerintah dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan dibandingkan oleh digitalisasi transaksi, stabilitas politik, atau transparansi pemerintah semata. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi pada literatur tata kelola pemerintahan dengan menegaskan bahwa government effectiveness merupakan faktor institusional yang paling menentukan dalam mendukung upaya pemberantasan korupsi di negara-negara berkembang.
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